A Microgrid is a small-scale power grid that can operate independently or in conjunction with the area's main electrical grid. Any small-scale localized station with its own power resources, generation and loads and definable boundaries qualifies as a Microgrid. Ecosense’s Microgrid lab uses sources like PV Emulator, Wind Turbine Emulator and Fuel Cell and Battery bank for storage. This Microgrid lab is a grid connected setup where the output of DC Microgrid is connected to main AC grid via a Voltage Source converter (VSC). This Microgrid can also be configured to work as a Standalone set-up.

Microgrid Lab

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Feature & Specifications

• DC-side Load management
• User controlled, cost effective way to test response of PV system for wide range of solar panels
• Simulate the I-V curve under varying environmental conditions
• Test and verify different parameters of PV system like – MPPT tracking algorithm of PV inverter, efficiency of MPPT tracking
• Measure and verify the overall efficiency and conversion efficiency of PV inverter for variety of solar panels and in varying weather conditions
• Real time Emulation of Static and dynamic behavior of Wind Turbine
• Power balancing using battery bank and bidirectional converter
• 3 phase inverter  control for standalone and grid tied system in Wind Emulator
• Exhibits both static and dynamic behaviour close to real wind turbine.
• Intuitive graphical user interface & data acquisition for control and monitoring of various parameters.
• Capability to change wind turbine parameters (within permissible range).
• FPGA board for solving the differential equations in real time, additionally on board ADC channels and PWM port for power electronics converter/inverter firing.
• Suitable for Hardware-in-Loop simulations.
• External control of inverter is possible

Experiment & Research Options

• Study of the effect of change in wind speed and pitch angle on the operation of DC Microgrid system.
• Power flow analysis of in a DC Microgrid system with multiple sources (wind and solar) and battery as energy storage.
• Study the effect of change in solar insulation with daytime and geographic location on the operation of DC Microgrid system.
• Study the buck and boost mode of operation of bidirectional converter connected to the battery storage system, under these conditions — (a.) Load is greater than generation from both sources (i.e. Battery discharging), or, (b.) Load is less than generation from both sources (i.e. Battery charging)
• Study of system performance with two renewable sources (wind and solar) connected together to form a DC Microgrid with battery as the energy storage device.
• Study of system performance with three renewable sources (wind, fuel cell and solar) connected together to form a DC Microgrid with battery as the energy storage device.
• Study of the integration of DC Microgrid to the main AC grid using a 3-phase inverter.
• Study the operation of DC Microgrid under various load conditions by applying various DC and AC loads.
• Control and analysis of the power supplied to the AC grid.

• Ability to track torque-speed and power-speed characteristics of a wind turbine at different wind speeds and pitch angle.
• Plotting Cp-λ curve to show the turbine characteristics at a particular pitch angle.
• Real time tracking of λ could be utilized to track the optimal λ of a turbine.
• Maximum power point tracking opportunity based on the generated voltage and current feedback.
• Ability to control DC link voltage using bidirectional converter in stand-alone mode.
• Research on Microgrid possible as the DC link can accommodate other renewable sources such as PV.
• Comparative analysis of different PV panels using PV emulator.
• Series-parallel behavior of different PV panels could be analyzed for both stand-alone and grid connected systems.
• Power flow and quality supplied to the grid can be controlled and analyzed.
• Further exploration of control techniques for smart grid implementation possible.
• Continuous sensing of grid side voltage and currents provide opportunity to implement advanced control algorithms to control the behavior as per grid conditions.